Complete Guide to Obtaining the CUE in Spain in 2025

Person obtaining the CUE registration certificate in Spain.

Understanding the EU Registration Certificate (CUE)

Since Brexit redefined borders within Europe, the need for EU citizens to formalize their residence in other member states has become more evident. In Spain, the cornerstone of this formalization is the Certificate of Registration of an EU Citizen (CUE). This document is mandatory for any citizen of the European Union, the European Economic Area (EEA), or Switzerland who plans to reside in the country for more than 90 days.

It’s essential to understand what the CUE is and what it is not. It is not a photo ID card, but rather a paper document that officially certifies your status as a legal resident. Colloquially, many refer to it as the “green NIE” because of its color and because it displays the Foreigner Identification Number (NIE). Although the term is widespread, it’s important to use its official name—CUE—to avoid misunderstandings with the administration.

If you are an EU citizen and your stay exceeds three months, you are legally required to register and obtain it. Those who are not EU citizens follow a different path to get their Foreigner Identity Card (TIE). Although the core requirements to apply for the green NIE in 2025 remain strict, improvements have been implemented in the digital management of appointments and document submissions, aspects we detail in this guide.

Key Differences: CUE, NIE, and TIE

Objects representing the NIE, CUE, and TIE.

Confusion between the terms NIE, CUE, and TIE is one of the most common doubts when starting procedures in Spain. Clarifying the difference between NIE and CUE from the outset is essential to know what you need to request at each stage. Each one serves a specific function and they are not interchangeable.

The NIE (Foreigner Identification Number)

The NIE is simply a unique personal number assigned to any foreign person with economic, professional, or social interests in Spain. It functions as a tax and administrative identifier, similar to the Spanish DNI number. It is essential for buying property, opening a bank account, or signing an employment contract. However, the NIE by itself does not prove legal residence in the country. To fully understand what this number is and how to apply for it, you can consult our guide on the NIE.

The CUE (Certificate of Registration of an EU Citizen)

The CUE is the physical document that proves legal residence in Spain for EU, EEA, and Swiss citizens. It is the well-known green paper that contains, among other details, your name, address, and your NIE number. Obtaining the CUE is the step that officially makes you a resident—not merely having an NIE.

The TIE (Foreigner Identity Card)

The TIE is a physical card with a photograph and biometric chip, intended exclusively for non-EU citizens. Unlike the CUE, the TIE does function as an identity document within Spain and certifies the holder’s residence permit. Its validity is temporary and must be renewed periodically.

Comparative Table: NIE vs. CUE vs. TIE

Note: This table summarizes the fundamental differences to help identify which document corresponds to each situation. The NIE is a number, while the CUE and TIE are physical documents that prove residence for different groups.

Essential Requirements to Apply for the CUE

Before starting the process, it is crucial to gather all the necessary documentation. Meeting the EU citizen certificate requirements is the most important step to ensure your application is approved without setbacks. Below is the list of documents you should prepare:

1. Valid and current passport or identity document from your EU, EEA, or Swiss country. It must not be expired.
2. Proof of sufficient financial means. This is the most critical point. You must demonstrate that you will not be a burden on the Spanish social system. These requirements are stipulated by current regulations, and as confirmed by the Ministry of Inclusion, Social Security and Migration, it is essential to meet one of the following conditions:
   • Employee: Employment contract registered with the Public Employment Service.
   • Self-employed worker: Proof of registration in the Census of Economic Activities or in the Special Scheme for Self-Employed Workers (RETA).
   • Without work activity: Demonstrate possession of sufficient funds. The amount is usually higher than the annual amount of the Public Indicator of Multiple Effect Income (IPREM).
   • Student: Enrollment at an educational institution and a responsible statement that you have sufficient financial resources for your stay.
3. Mandatory health insurance. If you are not working as an employee or self-employed, you must take out public or private health insurance with full coverage in Spain. It is important that it is equivalent to that of the National Health System. Travel insurance is not valid for this procedure.
4. Certificate of municipal registration (empadronamiento). This document proves your address in Spain. You must request it at your local town hall and it must be recent—usually not older than three months.

In addition to meeting these requirements, the process involves paying an administrative fee. You can check the most recent information on the update of immigration fees for 2025.

Step-by-Step Guide to Obtaining the Certificate

Steps to obtain the EU Registration Certificate.

Once you have all the documents prepared, the process to obtain the CUE is relatively straightforward, though it requires organization and patience. Follow these steps to complete your application successfully.

1. Step 1: Register at the Town Hall (Empadronamiento)
   The first step, before anything else, is empadronamiento for the CUE. You must go to the town hall of the locality where you live with your passport or identity document and proof of address, such as a rental contract or a utility bill in your name. Without the certificate of empadronamiento, you cannot continue.
2. Step 2: Book an Appointment
   The immigration appointment for the CUE is mandatory. The appointment must be requested exclusively through the National Police e-Office, selecting the province and the procedure “POLICIA-CERTIFICADO DE REGISTRO DE CIUDADANO DE LA U.E.” Getting an appointment can be challenging due to high demand. We recommend being persistent and checking the website first thing in the morning.
3. Step 3: Complete the Form and Pay the Fee
   You must download, fill out, and print the official EX-18 form. In addition, you will need to pay the corresponding fee, which is Form 790 Code 012. Payment can be made at most banks. It is crucial to keep the proof of payment, as you must present it on the day of the appointment.
4. Step 4: Attend the Appointment with All Documentation
   On the day of the appointment, go to the assigned immigration office or police station with all documents. Prepare a folder with:
   • Proof of appointment.
   • Duly completed EX-18 form.
   • Passport or identity document (original and photocopy).
   • Proof of fee payment.
   • Certificate of empadronamiento.
   • Documentation proving your financial means and health insurance (as applicable).
5. Step 5: Immediate Receipt of the CUE
   If all documentation is correct, the officer will verify it and issue your Certificate of Registration of an EU Citizen on the spot. From that moment, you will be officially a resident in Spain.

This process is one of many procedures that foreigners must carry out. For more information, you can consult other step-by-step guides.

Frequently Asked Questions and Practical Tips

Even with a detailed guide, doubts always arise. Here we answer the most common questions about how to obtain the CUE in Spain and offer some tips to make the process easier.

Does the CUE expire?
No, the certificate itself has no expiration date. However, your right to reside is conditioned on continuing to meet the requirements under which it was granted (employment, sufficient funds, etc.). After five years of legal and continuous residence, you can apply for permanent residence—a preliminary step for those who may eventually consider Spanish nationality.

Can I work with the CUE?
As an EU citizen, your right to work in Spain is inherent and does not depend on the CUE. The certificate simply formalizes your residence status. In fact, to obtain the CUE as an employee, you first need an employment contract.

What if I change my address?
You are required to report any change of address. First, update your empadronamiento at the new town hall. Then, inform the immigration office so the change is reflected in their records.

Practical Tips

• Document preparation: Always bring the original and a photocopy of each document. This is common practice and will save you problems if the officer needs to keep a copy.
• Persistence with the appointment system: Don’t be discouraged if you don’t find available appointments. A common strategy is to try accessing the appointment website early on Mondays (between 8:00 and 9:00), when new slots are often released.
• Translations: If any document is not in Spanish, it may require a sworn translation. Confirm this point according to the type of document and the province where you carry out the procedure.

Legal Advice and Verification with Official Sources

Although this guide covers the standard process, each case may have its particularities. If your situation is complex—for example, if you are coming with non-EU family members, have difficulty proving financial means, or your application has been denied—it is highly advisable to consult an immigration lawyer. A professional can offer a solution tailored to your circumstances.

Immigration regulations can change. Therefore, it is essential that you always verify information and requirements on the official Government of Spain sources before starting any procedure. Consult the portals of the Ministry of Inclusion, Social Security and Migration and of the National Police to obtain the most up-to-date information.

EspanaExtranjeria is not an official site of the Government of Spain. The information is general and educational and may contain unintentional errors or become outdated. Always verify with official sources before carrying out procedures. If you need legal advice about your case, consult a specialist lawyer. When we link to regulations or official offices, it does not imply sponsorship or endorsement by those bodies.